Don't have Netflix, so I haven't seen the series, so here are some things to look for:

Tires: they much run at least two different compounds during the race. They will have the option of hard, medium or soft tires for every race. They also have full rain tires and "intermediates."

F1 cars do not refuel. They start the race with enough fuel to do the entire race. That's why you see sub-3 second pit stops. The reason they pit is due to tire wear. They have to pit when their lap times start dropping off.

The cars are hybrids, and charge their batteries through kinetic braking. That gives them a slight boost at certain points around the track. (KERS system)

The cars also have a flap on the rear wing that opens allowing them another ~10-20 mph down the straight. It only opens if they are within one second of the car in front of them. Some tracks have two straights where they can use this. It's called the Drag Reduction System (DRS).

Teams:
1. Mercedes - top dawg during this version of F1. They came up with the best turbo-V6 hybrid combo, and have had the superior team. I think the cars are due to be completely redesigned next year. I believe once a car is designed for an era, improvements are severely limited throughout the version of that car (to limit cost?). That's why whoever comes up with the best design "out of the box" will dominate F1 for the duration.
2. Red Bull - they closed the gap, but still aren't on the same level as Mercedes. They're running Honda engines.
3. The pack - Almost everyone else.
4. Alfa Romero/Williams
5. HAAS. Dead last, with no chance of improving.

Drivers:
1. Sir Lewis Hamilton - currently THE best driver in the world.
2. Max Verstappen - probably the second best driver
3. Almost everyone else
4. Nikita Mazepin (HAAS), the worst F1 driver, in the worst car in the field. He just sucks! Don't think he's finished a race yet.

Engine suppliers:
Mercedes (several teams), Honda (2 teams), Ferrari (3 teams), and Renault (a few...).

That should get you started...